Маған жақсы мұғалім бәрінен де артық, өйткені мұғалім мектептің жүрегі!
Республикалық апталық газеті

CONTINENT AND COUNTRIES, KAZAKHSTAN


24 декабря 2010, 15:43 | 3 222 просмотра



Kazakhstan was established as the Republic of Kazakhstan in December 1991.The area of over 2.724 million square kilometers .This country shares its border with the Russian Federation to the north and north-west;to the east with China and to the south with the central Asian republics of Kyrgyzstan,Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.

The Ural River flows through the western portion of Kazakhstan to the Caspian Sea. The central region of the country includes the Kazakh Steppe to the north and deserts of central Asia in the south-west.

The country is rich with mineral resources such as copper, gold, iron, lead, nickel, silver, tin, uranium and zink with deposits of oil and natural gas.

Kazakhstan’s largest city is Almaty which lies to the south-east of the country near the border with Kyrgyzstan and China. Almaty was the capital until December 1997 when it was moved to Akmola, 850 kilometres to the north-west. In May 1998 Akmola was renamed Astana, the Kazakh word for capital. Astana’s population stands currently at 500,000.

Today,residents are happy to share their famous hospitality and to show the visitors the Alatau mountains with famous Medeu;the singing sands of the Altyn Emel National Park;Kapchagai-reservoir on the Ili river,the lakes and pine forests of Kokshetau;and Akhmed Yassaui Mausoleum in Turkistan,a lot of places of interest in Astana. Kazakhstan with the world’s ninth largest area has many such beautiful places and rich culture. The official language is Kazakh and Russian is the language of international communication.

Census figures taken in 1995 put Kazakhstan’s population at 16, 5 million with an annual growth rate of 0, 62%. The country’s principal ethnic groups include Kazakh (44%), Russian (36%), Ukrainian (5%), German (4%), Uzbek and Tatar (2%), Belarusian and Azerbaijani (1%) and others (5%).

The landscape of Kazakhstan is a diverse one. It is bordered on the south, southwest and east by the Tien Shan Tarbagatai and Altai mountains. On its west the Caspian Sea is the home of sturgeon and Kazakhstan’s oil reserves. In the desert area of the southwest is the drying Aral Sea. In the steppes of Sary Arka the Balkhash lake is located. Its eastern part is fresh whereas in the west the water is salty. The lakes of Alakol, Tengiz and Zaisan are remarkable for their beauty. In the north, over eighty picturesgue lakes are lost among the pine forests of Kokshetau. The Syrdaria, Ura, lIshim, Tobol, Ertis,Ili, and Charin run wide over the plains. They are known as the «land of seven rivers». Perhaps it is just best to come and see it with one’s eyes…Welcome to the land of Kazakhstan!

The climate of Kazakhstan is best characterized as continental. Temperatures vary considerably from north to south. The average temperatures in January,for example,ranges from-18 C-3 C north to south,while in July it rises to between 19 C the north and 30 C in the south.

Today the wildlife of Kazakhstan includes 158 species of mammals, 458 species of birds, 52 species of reptiles, 12 species of amphibians, and 150 species of fish, 19 species of animals and 23 of birds.

In Kazakhstan, people always respected this leopard as the strongest and proudest animal. The beautiful wild cat is a perfect rock climber and its favorite habitat is on Shan.

Since ancient times Kazakhs have used falcon -balobans as hunting birds. Berkutchi-professional hunters-took balobans’ chickens out of their nests and trained them for hunting. This tradition still exist. Perhaps the best place to see falcons in the wild is in the Altai of the northeast Kazakhstan.

Strong and light-footed, these Asiatic wild asses have always surprised people with their grace and beauty. Hunting brought these animals close to extinction.

The blue Tien Shan spruces are a true decoration of the Alatau mountains .Like candles, they rise upwards reaching heights of 40-50 metres.

In the steppes of Kazakhstan one can find another plant-the saxaul bush with its soft leaves. In unusually dry periods,the saxaul sheds its leaves,which fall on the sand. But as soon as the rain comes, the plant actively grows again.

THE CITY OF APPLES

Almaty is an unusual city. It is a green city. American Rockwell Kent upon arriving in Almaty in the 1960s wrote «Alma-Ata is surely a premier city for its green decoration. It seemed to me I was walking through a forest. Buildings are entirely hidden by trees». The city is decorated with numerous parks and gardens, fountains and flower-beds.

The word «almaty» means «with apple» in Kazakh. Previously, the city was called Alma-Ata,that is «father of apples». Anyhow, the meaning of the name city has always been connected with the word «apple».

Almaty was the capital of Kazakhstan until November 1997.Astana is the new capital of the republic. However, throughout the President’s Decree of October 20, 1997 Almaty has got the special status of the republican city. With the new status the city became a small state in a state-»a peculiar Hong Kong». It hosts various international events and it remains the premier scientific and cultural center of Kazakhstan.

Автор:
Л.Т.ТУРУСБЕКОВА, Учитель І – категории, английского языка Средней школы гимназии им. К.И. Сатбаева П. Жансугурова Аксуского района